Cover: Scholtyseck, Joachim, Henkel

Scholtyseck, Joachim

Henkel

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Scholtyseck, Joachim

Henkel

From Laundry Detergent Manufacturer to Global Player.

The roots of Henkel, founded in 1876 by Fritz Henkel, lie in the early German Empire. The population’s rising standard of living increased the demand for consumer goods in everyday life, which the company was able to serve with its rapidly growing laundry detergent business. In 1907, the laundry detergent Persil entered the market and virtually revolutionized the business; even today, it likely remains the most famous Henkel brand. Joachim Scholtyseck investigates the success factors that turned the start-up into a flourishing family company. He also deals with the company’s role in the «Third Reich» and shows how Henkel became a global player that today is successful with its brands, innovations, and technologies serving both consumers and industry.

Persil, Pril, Schwarzkopf, Pritt, and Loctite – many of the brands that belong to the company cosmos of Henkel have been firmly established in everyday life for decades. Yet few people might be familiar with the complex and ever-changing history hiding behind the name of Henkel. How did Henkel manage to transform itself from a laundry detergent manufacturer to a global company that today not only enjoys strong positions in the consumer business but has also risen to become a market leader in the adhesives segment worldwide? Following this leading question, this study comprehensively traces the fascinating history of the company with scholarly rigor.

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Inhalt
Introduction

Part One:
The beginnings of the company
1876 to 1930
Favorable conditions? Fritz Henkel’s family background
1871: A new nation experiencing an economic boom
1876 and 1878: Universal detergent, Henkel’s bleaching soda and water glass
From a small manufactory in Aachen to large-scale industrial production in Holthausen
A product and marketing revolution: Persil
Cartels, diversification and wrong economic paths
Fritz Henkel: A modern patriarch in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Everyday affairs of business: Working hours and wages
Bourgeois lifestyles
Fritz Henkel Jr . and Hugo Henkel: The sons take on responsibility
Early foreign business dealings
The First World War
Armaments take precedence: Explosives production and forced labor
Henkel and the end of the German Empire
New glimmer of hope: The end of rationing and the construction of the Genthin branch factory
Henkel crises: Hyperinflation and the Ruhr occupation of 1923–24
The competition for Thompson and Sunlicht: Harbingers of the disputes between Henkel and Unilever
The battle for Persil’s trademark rights
A golden age? Henkel in the years of temporary stabilization
A significant diversification: Adhesives at Henkel
1930 – the annus horribilis
UMA as the holding company for Henkel’s foreign companies . The long road to its first international venture: Henkel’s foreign business until the mid-1930s

Part Two:
 The development of the company
from 1931 to 1947

High-tech products for synthetic processes: Dehydag and Böhme Fettchemie
Henkel and the rise of National Socialism
The National Socialist “economic miracle”
Autarky and the “fat gap”
Whaling
Day-to-day operations in the Third Reich
Werner Lüps and the sidelining of Hugo Henkel in 1938
Financial wizardry: The Syndicate Fund
Production during the Second World War
Henkel and Degussa: Business partners in troubled waters
“Aryanization”
Revenge for the loss of rights to Persil: The battle with Unilever for dominance on the continent during the Second World War
The power struggle of 1942 and the death of Werner Lüps
Forced labor during the Second World War: An overview
Forced labor at Henkel
Henkel during the disintegration of the Third Reich
1945 and the end of the war: An uncertain new beginning
The end of the family business? The company under trusteeship
Dismantling?
The return of the family to the company
Denazification and “coming to terms with the past”

Part Three:
Reconstruction and globalization
1948 to 2008 /2009

Aftermath: The liquidation of the UMA and the Syndicate Fund
Henkel in the “economic miracle”: From the “completion of our resurrection” to the Persil crisis
The success of synthetic laundry detergents
Konrad Henkel: Family leadership in the early Federal Republic of Germany
“Applied chemistry”: Henkel, Degussa, Metallgesellschaft
Detergents in global competition
Not just Persil: Pril, Imi, P3 and the cleaning products for industry
Cosmetic products: From TheraChemie to Schwarzkopf to beauty care
A sleeping giant: Adhesives in the second half of the 20th century
Company & family: IPO, shareholders’ committee, share-pooling agreement and generational succession
The special case of the German Democratic Republic
Carve-out of the Chemical Products division
Social issues affecting Henkel in the new democratic era
Managers in power: The end of patriarchy
Networks, lobbying and the party donations scandal
Corporate identity and mission statements as new driving forces
From “Persil Girl” to LGBTQIA+: Gender issues at Henkel
Not just environmental protection: Sustainable business practices
Punch cards and a “smart factory”: Research, digitalization and logistics

Part Four:
Foreign business after the Second World War:
From internationalization to globalization

Germany, Europe or the world?
Western, Southern and Northern Europe
Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe
North America
Latin America
The Asia-Pacific region
India, the Middle East and the African continent

Henkel in the 21st century:
 Adhesive Technologies, Laundry & Home Care and Beauty Care brands for the world

Conclusion

Appendix
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Notes
List of sources
Bibliography
Image credits
Index of persons
Index of companies

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Erscheint am 09. Juli 2026

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Scholtyseck, Joachim

Henkel

From Laundry Detergent Manufacturer to Global Player

The roots of Henkel, founded in 1876 by Fritz Henkel, lie in the early German Empire. The population’s rising standard of living increased the demand for consumer goods in everyday life, which the company was able to serve with its rapidly growing laundry detergent business. In 1907, the laundry detergent Persil entered the market and virtually revolutionized the business; even today, it likely remains the most famous Henkel brand. Joachim Scholtyseck investigates the success factors that turned the start-up into a flourishing family company. He also deals with the company’s role in the «Third Reich» and shows how Henkel became a global player that today is successful with its brands, innovations, and technologies serving both consumers and industry.

Persil, Pril, Schwarzkopf, Pritt, and Loctite – many of the brands that belong to the company cosmos of Henkel have been firmly established in everyday life for decades. Yet few people might be familiar with the complex and ever-changing history hiding behind the name of Henkel. How did Henkel manage to transform itself from a laundry detergent manufacturer to a global company that today not only enjoys strong positions in the consumer business but has also risen to become a market leader in the adhesives segment worldwide? Following this leading question, this study comprehensively traces the fascinating history of the company with scholarly rigor.
Webcode: /37979261

Inhalt

Introduction

Part One:
The beginnings of the company
1876 to 1930
Favorable conditions? Fritz Henkel’s family background
1871: A new nation experiencing an economic boom
1876 and 1878: Universal detergent, Henkel’s bleaching soda and water glass
From a small manufactory in Aachen to large-scale industrial production in Holthausen
A product and marketing revolution: Persil
Cartels, diversification and wrong economic paths
Fritz Henkel: A modern patriarch in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Everyday affairs of business: Working hours and wages
Bourgeois lifestyles
Fritz Henkel Jr . and Hugo Henkel: The sons take on responsibility
Early foreign business dealings
The First World War
Armaments take precedence: Explosives production and forced labor
Henkel and the end of the German Empire
New glimmer of hope: The end of rationing and the construction of the Genthin branch factory
Henkel crises: Hyperinflation and the Ruhr occupation of 1923–24
The competition for Thompson and Sunlicht: Harbingers of the disputes between Henkel and Unilever
The battle for Persil’s trademark rights
A golden age? Henkel in the years of temporary stabilization
A significant diversification: Adhesives at Henkel
1930 – the annus horribilis
UMA as the holding company for Henkel’s foreign companies . The long road to its first international venture: Henkel’s foreign business until the mid-1930s

Part Two:
 The development of the company
from 1931 to 1947

High-tech products for synthetic processes: Dehydag and Böhme Fettchemie
Henkel and the rise of National Socialism
The National Socialist “economic miracle”
Autarky and the “fat gap”
Whaling
Day-to-day operations in the Third Reich
Werner Lüps and the sidelining of Hugo Henkel in 1938
Financial wizardry: The Syndicate Fund
Production during the Second World War
Henkel and Degussa: Business partners in troubled waters
“Aryanization”
Revenge for the loss of rights to Persil: The battle with Unilever for dominance on the continent during the Second World War
The power struggle of 1942 and the death of Werner Lüps
Forced labor during the Second World War: An overview
Forced labor at Henkel
Henkel during the disintegration of the Third Reich
1945 and the end of the war: An uncertain new beginning
The end of the family business? The company under trusteeship
Dismantling?
The return of the family to the company
Denazification and “coming to terms with the past”

Part Three:
Reconstruction and globalization
1948 to 2008 /2009

Aftermath: The liquidation of the UMA and the Syndicate Fund
Henkel in the “economic miracle”: From the “completion of our resurrection” to the Persil crisis
The success of synthetic laundry detergents
Konrad Henkel: Family leadership in the early Federal Republic of Germany
“Applied chemistry”: Henkel, Degussa, Metallgesellschaft
Detergents in global competition
Not just Persil: Pril, Imi, P3 and the cleaning products for industry
Cosmetic products: From TheraChemie to Schwarzkopf to beauty care
A sleeping giant: Adhesives in the second half of the 20th century
Company & family: IPO, shareholders’ committee, share-pooling agreement and generational succession
The special case of the German Democratic Republic
Carve-out of the Chemical Products division
Social issues affecting Henkel in the new democratic era
Managers in power: The end of patriarchy
Networks, lobbying and the party donations scandal
Corporate identity and mission statements as new driving forces
From “Persil Girl” to LGBTQIA+: Gender issues at Henkel
Not just environmental protection: Sustainable business practices
Punch cards and a “smart factory”: Research, digitalization and logistics

Part Four:
Foreign business after the Second World War:
From internationalization to globalization

Germany, Europe or the world?
Western, Southern and Northern Europe
Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe
North America
Latin America
The Asia-Pacific region
India, the Middle East and the African continent

Henkel in the 21st century:
 Adhesive Technologies, Laundry & Home Care and Beauty Care brands for the world

Conclusion

Appendix
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Notes
List of sources
Bibliography
Image credits
Index of persons
Index of companies